"Buddhist Law as Religious System?" Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1997. Because Buddhist monasteries enjoyed popular support and often wielded political power, Buddhism was sometimes criticized and even persecuted or regulated by lay authorities. Taung Goe (2000), The dagun-pole, mark of a peaceful sanctuary, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 5, no.2, 31-32, Tekkatho Tin Kha (2000), A novitiation ceremony that involves 1,000 local youths, Guardian (Rangoon) , 47, no.1 (Jan), 9-11, Thabye Khin (1999), The Jivitadana Sangha Hospital, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 4, no.2, 24-28, Than Tun (1978), History of Buddhism in Burma A.D. 1000-1300 , Journal of the Burma Research Society (Rangoon) , 61 (Dec), 1-264, Thanlyin Myint Aye (1993), A pilgrimmage to Thamanya, Guardian (Rangoon) , 40, no.7 (Jul), 32-33, Thaw Kaung (1999), Offering of Thin-bok Swoon, a Rakhine Buddhist festival, Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) , 4, no.2, 36-39, Tin Maung; Muang Than (1988), The sangha and sasana in socialist Burma, Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) , 3, no.1 (Feb) , 26-61, Than. A second area of Buddhist expansion in Southeast Asia extends from Myanmar in the north and west to the Mekong delta in the south and east. With the suppression of the pro-democracy movement in the late 1980s, the countrys military rulers used their support of a very traditional form of Buddhism to legitimize their highly repressive regime. 5, pp. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1978. The laity in Buddhism makes up two of the four constituent parts of the sagha (monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen) and the great majority of Bu, The term monasticism is derived from the Greek word monos, which means "single" or "alone." Buddhism was and remains an international religion and was intended for transmission into different languages and cultures. The path of meditation leads positively toward the intuitive understanding of momentariness, the condition of existenceor, to state it negatively, toward the total rejection of all notions of permanence. 276p. Payutto) on his 60th birthday anniversary. With regional developments in India and gradually elsewhere, first in tropical r Lak and Southeast Asia and later in high-altitude Northwest India, disputes over points of doctrine and monastic discipline arose. 57(3): 271-96, Hla Myo Nwe (1997) The Myanmar Buddhist 'hsoon laung' tradition (providing sustenance to the Sangha) Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) 2, no.4 33-36, Hooker, M.B. In the 20th century reform and modernization became more diversified and affected virtually all segments of the Thai Buddhist community. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1995. W67World of Music Hamilton Pacific ML1 .W596. ." The recitation of the threefold refuge formula that makes a person a Buddhist, either lay or monastic, enacts a pledge of taking refuge in the Buddha, the dharma (teaching), and the sangha; most commentaries imply that the three elements are equally important. 808-956-7203 (Circulation), Library Digital Collections Disclaimer and Copyright information, https://guides.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/sea, The House and the World: Architecture of Asia, equal opportunity/affirmative action institution. Honolulu : University of Hawai`i Press, Hamilton Asia DS556.8 .M387 2004, Minh Chi, et al. Hinduism and Buddhism exerted an enormous influence on the civilizations of Southeast Asia and contributed greatly to the development of a written tradition in that area. These Buddhist wandering mendicants practiced firm renunciation of worldly concerns. *Sinhala monarchies refers to the kings of Sri Lanka. Buddhism, and specifically the interests of Buddhist monasteries, became factors in national policymaking. of plates Hamilton Asia DS338 .F78 2001, Tannenbaum, Nicola (1995), Who can compete against the world? It was also in the 7th century that the great scholar from Nalanda, Dharmapala, visited Indonesia. 2001, McHale, Shawn Frederick (2004), Print and power : Confucianism, communism, and Buddhism in the making of modern Vietnam /. "Monasticism: Buddhist Monasticism Whiting Bay, Isle of Arran, Scotland : Kiscadale Publications Hamilton Asia DS529.2 .T473 1988, Than Tun (2002), Buddhist art and architecture with special reference to Myanma / Yangon: Sein Pan Myaing : Distributed by Mon Ywe, Hamilton Asia N7312 .T53 2002, Tin Maung Maung Than (1993), Sangha reforms and renewal of sasana in Myanmar: historical trends and contemporary practice, In: Ling, Trevor, ed. Priesthood, article on Buddhist Priesthood; Sagha, overview article. 139-172 Hamilton Asia BQ6343.B67 B37, Woodward, Hiram W., Jr. (1982), Barabudur as a stupa,In: Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W. Jr., eds. | Find, read . 277p. For example, Burmese monastic leaders produced, implemented, and preserved a fully developed lay legal system based on Buddhist law. of Buddhist Studies, University of Delhi, Hamilton Asia BQ7160 .T49 1995, Schecter, Jerrold L. (1967), The new face of Buddha; Buddhism and political power in southeast Asia New York, Coward-McCann Hamilton & Hamilton Asia BL1459.S7 S3, Somboon Suksamran (1993) Buddhism, political authority, and legitimacy in Thailand and Cambodia, In: Ling, Trevor, ed. Diverse items of Indian origin with Buddhist features were also found in mainland and peninsular Southeast Asian regions such as precious stones and glass beads, inscribed carnelian and terracotta seals, ivory objects and pottery. Buddhism in Ceylon and studies on religious syncretism in Buddhist countries: report on a symposium in Gottingen. Despite the etymology, the majority of Buddhist monastics, Parsis During this period major Buddhist monuments were erected in Java, including the marvelous Borobudur, which is perhaps the most magnificent of all Buddhist stupas. 428p. From the 7th century onward, Vajrayana Buddhism spread rapidly throughout the area. "Some Remarks for the Rise of the Bhikunsagha and on the Ordination Ceremony for Bhikuns according to the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya." Some monks continued the practice of strictly renunciative solitary retreats in sometimes remote areas, affirming the ancient eremitic roots of Buddhism, while others, often from the same monastery, were concerned with active monastery affairs, community academic studies, and ritual practicesa cenobitic lifestyle. ; New York: Cambridge UP, 1988. Buddhism: a modern perspective. Accordingly, Buddhist monks and monasteries accepted donations of cash, land, and material of all kinds, and they sometimes became rich and powerful. The complex of religious beliefs and philosophical ideas that has developed out of the teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit, "the Enli, Laity In spite of the injunctions against individual monks owning money, the monastic literature allows the collective ownership of donated and community wealth. The Golden Yoke: The Legal Cosmology of Buddhist Tibet. The five points, which may have been issues of the Third Council, clearly involve points of doctrine, including the status of an enlightened being (arhat ), but their importance and any significant outcomes are unclear. Yangon: s.n.,. Hull, England: Centre for South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull, 1998. Even after the Chinese had been driven back, a Chinese-like bureaucracy closely supervised the Vietnamese monasteries. Rules concerning distance from lay settlements, for example, had to be interpreted and implemented differently depending on whether tropical, moderate, or (as in the case of Tibet and Mongolia) subarctic climatic conditions prevailed. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2001. (Horner, 19381966, vol. (1992), Revival without revivalism: the case of the Buddhists of Malaysia, Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) 7, no.2 (Aug) 326-335, Liow, Woon Khin Benny (1989) Buddhist temples and association in Penang, 1845-1948Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (Kuala Lumpur) 62, no.1 57-87, Mohamed Yusoff Ismail (1990), Buddhism among the Siamese of Kelantan: minority religion in a Muslim state, Jurnal Antropologi dan Sosiologi (Kuala Lumpur) 18 55-69, Muhammad Kamal Hassan (1977) A brief survey of Buddhist ascetic practicesAkademika (Kuala Lumpur) no.10 (Jan) 67-76, Vijaya Samarawickrama (2001) Bar Council Malaysia seminar on freedom of religion: the Buddhist view, INSAF: The Journal of the Malaysian Bar (Kuala Lumpur) Special issue 43-54, MALAYSIA : BOOKS, OR BOOK CHAPTERSMohamed Yusoff Ismail (1993), Two faces of Buddhism: Chinese participation in Thai Theravada temples in Kelantan, In: Cheu, Hock Tong, ed. *Sri Lanka was not ruled as a unified island. By the 1100s C.E., Buddhism had declined mainly as a result of Muslim incursions. The new residences soon increased in size, quantity, and quality, thanks in part to continuing donations of buildings and land by the lay populations and political authorities. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 2001. Hamilton Asia DS1 .A47344Asian folklore studies Hamilton Asia GR1 .A88Asian Music (New York) Hamilton Asia ML1 .A75Asian Profile (Hong Kong) Hamilton Asia DS1 .A4746Asien (Hamburg), Hamilton Asia DS1 .A727Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Leiden) Hamilton Asia DS611 .B5Buddhist studies Hamilton Asia BQ2 .B82Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient (Paris) Hamilton Asia PJ4 .H3Canberra anthropology Hamilton Pacific GN1 .C36Ching feng Hamilton Asia BR1280 .C35Comparative Studies in Society and History (New York), Hamilton Main H1 .C73Contributions to Indian Sociology (Delhi) Hamilton Asia HN681 .C62Contributions to Asian Studies (Leiden) (formerly Journal of developing societies) Hamilton Asia DS1 .C58CORMOSEA Bulletin (Ann Arbor, MI) Hamilton ASia Z688 .A8 S68Crossroads (DeKalb, IL) Hamilton Asia DS501 .C76Cultural survival Quarterly Hamilton Main GN357 .Q37Daedalus (Cambridge, MA) Hamilton Main AS36 .A48516Diogenes (Oxford, England)Hamilton Main AS4 .D5East and West (Rome) Hamilton Asia AP37 .E22East Asian Cultural Studies (Tokyo) Hamilton Asia DS1 .A86East Asia Journal of Theology (Singapore) Hamilton Asia BR1 .A84Ethnology (Pittsburgh, PA) Hamilton Main GN1 .E86Guardian (Rangoon) Hamilton Asia AP8 .G78History of Religions (Chicago) Hamilton Main BL1 .H5Impact (Manila), Hamilton Asia HN30 .I46India International Centre Quarterly (New Delhi) Hamilton Asia DS401 .I2746AIndian Journal of Gender Studies (New Delhi) Hamilton Asia HQ1075.5.I4 I53Indian Journal of Secularism (Mumbai) Hamilton Asia BL2747.8 .T68Indo-British Review (Madras) , Hamilton Asia AP8 .I43Indo-Iranian Journal (The Hague) Hamilton Main PK1 .I53IIAS [International Institute for Asian Studies] Yearbook (Leiden) Hamilton Asia Reference DS1 .I35 : 191-219Illustrated Weekly of India (Bombay)Hamilton Asia Folio AP8 .I25Indian Journal of Buddhist Studies (Varanasi) Hamilton Asia BQ1 .I53Indian and Foreign Review (New Delhi) Hamilton Asia D839 .I453Indonesia Circle (London) Hamilton Asia DS611 .I3946INSAF: The Journal of the Malaysian Bar (Kuala Lumpur)Hamilton Asia K9 .N67International Political Science Review Hamilton Main JA1.A1 I57Internationales Asienforum = International Quarterly for Asian Studies (Munchen) Hamilton Asia DS1 .I62Japanese Journal of ethnology Hamilton East GN1 .M55Journal of Asian Studies (Ann Arbor, MI) Hamilton Asia DS501 .J68Journal of Burma Studies (DeKalb, IL) Hamiton Asia DS527.9 .J68Journal of Social Research (Ranchi, India) , Hamilton Asia GN1 .J6Journal of the Asiatic Society (Calcutta) , Hamilton Asia AS472 .C2195Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (Northfield, MN) Hamilton Asia BQ2 .I55AJournal for the Scientific Study of Religion Hamilton Main BL1 .J6Journal of Social Sciences = Warasan Sangkhomsat (Bangkok) Hamilton Asia H8.T3 W25Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (Singapore) Hamilton Asia DS501 .J652Journal of the Burma Research Society (Rangoon) Hamilton Asia Reference CD ROM 341Journal of the Department of Pali (Calcutta) Hamilton Asia BQ2 .J68Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha (Allahabad) Hamilton Asia PK1501 .G32Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok) Hamilton Asia DS561 .S5Journal of the Straits Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (Singapore) Hamilton Asia AS492 .S621Jurnal Antropologi dan Sosiologi (Kuala Lumpur) Hamilton Asia DS591 .J47Mankind (New Delhi) Sinclair Main AP8 .M34Manusya: Journal of Humanities (Bangkok) Hamilton AsiaMaha Bodhi (Calcutta) Hamilton Asia BL1400 .M3Modern Asian Studies (London) Hamilton Asia DS1 .M58Muang Boran (Bangkok) Hamilton Asia DS568 .M82Myanmar Perspectives (Yangon) Hamilton Asia DS527 .M98Numen: International Review for the History of Religions (Leiden) Hamilton Main BL1 .N8Pacific Affairs (Vancouver, B.C.) The religious traditions of Asia. "How Buddhist Is Theravda Buddhist Law? 259-288 Hamilton Asia BQ843 .S23 1997, Schober, Juliane (1989) Sybille Paths to enlightenment [microform] : Theravada Buddhism in upper Burma / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Hamilton Asia-Library Use Only MICROFICHE S30956, Slater, Robert Henry Lawson (1951) Paradox and Nirvana; a study of religious ultimates with special reference to Burmese Buddhism Chicago, University of Chicago Press Hamilton BL1445.B95 S6, Smith, Donald Eugene (1965), Religion and politics in Burma Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, Hamilton DS485.B892 S5, Snodgrass, Judith (1996), Colonial constructs of Theravada Buddhism: current perspectives on Western writing on Asian tradition, In: Traditions in current perspective: proceedings of the Conference on Myanmar and Southeast Asian Studies, 15-17 November 1995, Yangon. Yangon: s.n., 1999. various pagings. Schopen, Gregory. There are some early literary collections, the Thergtha hymns, and later writings, but there were few women writers. New York, Sheed and Ward Hamilton & Hamilton Asia DS557.A6 G4513, Tai, Hue-tam Ho (1988), Perfect world and perfect time: Maitreya in Vietnam, In: Sponberg, Alan; Hardacre, Helen, eds. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1981. Tantra in Western nomenclature has achieved forms of signification independent from its Sanskritic use and has become a somewhat promiscuous c, Monatsschrift Fuer Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Monbart, Marie-Josphine de Lescun (17581800). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. The first dhyana (Zen; Vietnamese thien), or meditation, school was introduced by Vinitaruchi (Vinitaruci), an Indian monk who had gone to Vietnam from China in the 6th century. Prince Siddhrtha Gautama went, in Buddhist language, on the "Middle Way," a life of moderate asceticism, between lay life and extreme asceticism. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 18, no. Moreover, wooden images of the Buddha dating from between the 2, Youth Eyes on the Silk Roads Photo Contest, The International Network of Focal Points for the Silk Roads Programme, Thematic Collection of the Cultural Exchanges along the Silk Roads, World Natural Heritage, Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks. 21-30 September 1995. Buddhist monastic rituals, vernacular religious forms (Shugend mountain cults, Shinto lineages), rituals of bodily transformation involving sexual. The understanding or basic principal at work here was that monastic income, donated and entrepreneurial, was to be used for religious purposes, even if personal and institutional interests coincided. In mainland Southeast Asia, as in Sri Lanka, a Theravada reform movement emerged in the 11th century. Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series no.207) 2001 120-126 Hamilton Asia BQ408 .B83. Sacred biography in the Buddhist traditions of South and Southeast Asia. 330p. Monasteries spread with official support in Mgadha, Bihar, r Lak, and Southeast Asia in the early years after Buddha's death. (1941), Sri Vijaya, Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient (Paris) 40, no.2 : 239-313, O'Brien, K.P. Cao Dai survives at its monastery-fortress headquarters at Tay Ninh northwest of Ho Chi Minh City. Tun (1984), The Buddha's Footprints in Burma, Journal of Asian and African Studies = Ajia Afurika gengo bunka kenkyu (Tokyo) , no.28, (1984), 119-137, Wijeyewardene, Gehan (1987) The Theravada compact and the Karen Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) 2, no.1 (Feb) 31-54, Win Pe (1978), The intellect in Buddhism, Guardian (Rangoon) , 25 (Nov), 21-24, Woodward, Mark R. (1988), When one wheel stops: Theravada Buddhism and the British Raj in upper Burma, Crossroads (DeKalb, IL) , 4, no.1 (Fall, 1988), 57-90, Chao-Tzang Yawnghwe (2000), The orientalizing of Burmese politics? 44(2): 57-71, Quang Do (1974), A summary of the history of Vietnamese Buddhism, Van Hanh Bulletin (Saigon) 6, no.2 (Jun) 3-28, Soucy, Alexander (1996). In Thailand, which retained its independence, a process of gradual reform and modernization was led by a new Buddhist sect, the Thammayut Nikaya, which was established and supported by the reigning Chakri dynasty. The northern part of what is now Vietnam had been conquered by the Chinese empire in 111 bce and remained under Chinese rule until 939 ce. Monasteries and monks had other sources of income, depending on the wealth and circumstances of their support communities. Yangon: Universities Historical Research Centre, 1996. 56-88 Hamilton Asia BL50 .T72, Saibaba, V.V.S. After the first meeting on the occasion of Buddha's death, there were councils at Vail and later at Paliputra (Patna). A study of the functions of monastic life in society. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. The Daoist quest after the elixir of life, and its expression in cryptic and enigmatic poetry that is well known to, and generally misunderstood by, modern European and American readers, are in no way comparable to the supererogatory search of the monastics thus far discussed. Throughout the 20th century, British colonial policy . New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1991. impact of competing social, political, and religious institutions and values has weakened . They refer to the Adi Granth, the sacred book of the Sikhs, as their basic text, in spite of the fact that their intramonastic and intermonastic discourse proceeds along lines similar to those of the orthodox Hindu orders. Delhi, 1981. 995p. The first example of Buddhism's adaptability to its cultural environment is in India itself. In Tang China (618907); Buddhism was persecuted, powerful Buddhist monasteries were secularized in Meiji Japan (18681912); and monasteries were targeted in Tibet in the modern period under Chinese rule. (1990), Art history and central Javanese Buddhism--c. 800-c.1000 A.D.: In: Kuppuram, G.; Kumudamani, K., eds. His practices were based on the belief in the existence and attainability of a transcendent reality, enlightenment more profoundly real, powerful, and blissful than the world as experienced in a nonenlightened state. Nevertheless, in the second decade of the 21st century, both government restrictions on opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and rules regarding political participation were eased, and the future of Buddhism seemed destined for change. Vegetarianism et saintete dans le bouddhisme du Threavada: pour une lecture des sources anciennes a la lumiere de la realite contemporaine [English and Spanish summaries] [French] Archives de sciences sociales des religions. In principle, the rules are laid down in the vinaya (monastic rules) portion of the Buddhas sermons, but monastic traditions and regulations have also been shaped by environmental and cultural conditions. Crossroad, N.Y.: Crossroad Publishing Company,. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. By the late 13th century, the movement had spread to Thailand, where the Thai were gradually displacing the Mon as the dominant population. Pub., 33-42 Hamilton Asia BQ266 .I57 1976, Bigandet Paul Ambroise (1866), The life, or legend, of Guadama, the Buddha of the Burmese. In Tibet there were traditions of women pilgrims, ascetics, and even community leaders and teachers who were recognized by the community at large. 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'S adaptability to its cultural environment is in India itself 56-88 Hamilton Asia BL50.T72, Saibaba, V.V.S in.
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