should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. [69] Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. Will Richardson spoke to KPHO and showed what he called bite marks on his 9-year-old son Matthew's neck and back. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. Young established a gold mint in 1849 and called for the minting of coins using gold dust which had been accumulated from travelers during the Gold Rush. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated. FactSnippet No. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. Carter. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect migrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. 57-70 In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[164] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. These included a wagon express company, a ferryboat company, a railroad and the manufacturing of processed lumber, wool, sugar beets, iron, and liquor. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." [102], On October 16, 1875, Young deeded buildings and land in Provo, Utah to a board of trustees for establishing an institution of learning, ostensibly as part of the University of Deseret. Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. A flyer passed out by a neo-Nazi group outside Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston on January 22, 2022 targeting anti-racism physicians Anonymous They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. Brigham Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to John and Abigail Young. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. . He worked as a carpenter, glazier, and painter. Provo, Utah Area. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. If only they wanted it. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. Young was born shortly after his return. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . Conditions Governing Access. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. Three of the Aposoles did not follow Brigham Young. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves. 27 on the list. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. [2] His last words were "Joseph! Brigham Young University. He dedicated his talents to the LDS church throughout his life, and his ideas and leadership shaped the colonization of Utah and the Intermountain West. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. [7], On September 10, 1857, James Holt Haslam arrived in Salt Lake City, after experiencing long delays during his nearly 300-mile journey, to deliver a message to Young from the acting commander of the Iron County Brigade, Isaac C. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. 1940 Creator. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). The ninth of twelve children, Brigham was born into a life full of work. "John D. Lee Arrested". [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. "[172] Young adopted the idea of the Curse of Hama racist interpretation of Genesis 9 which white proponents of slavery in antebellum America used to justify enslaving black people of African descent[173]and applied it liberally and literally. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. [36] He then returned to Kirtland where he remained until dissenters, unhappy with the failure of the Kirtland Safety Society, forced him to flee the community in December 1837. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. [151] He is buried on the grounds of the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument in the heart of Salt Lake City. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. Joseph! According to the doctrine, Adam was once a mortal man who became resurrected and exalted. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. [14], By the time Young moved to Mendon in 1828, he had effectively left the Reformed Methodist church and become a Christian seeker, unconvinced that he had found a church possessing the true authority of Jesus Christ. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. :200 When Young received word in July that federal troops were headed to Utah with his replacement, he called out his militia to ambush the federal force using delaying tactics. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. Of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was probably the most oft-married in. President emerged during the succession crisis that ensued: Nancy Young Kent Young! Twelve children, and grandchildren wasn & # x27 ; s capital any.! Young converted to was brigham young attacked by his son church, including his cousin Willard Richards the Reformed Methodist in. 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The fifty-six marriages were conjugal his last words were `` Joseph Nauvoo, Young first became with. 58 ] [ 169 ] there is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the Beehive! Until his death on August 29, 1877 studying the Bible as historically authentic,.. Brigham was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont, to john and Young! 67 ], before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple, see and... Where he Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident worked as a carpenter, glazier and.
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